E-Signature
A digital alternative to handwritten signatures, used to authorize documents or transactions electronically. In crypto, e-signatures can approve wallet connections or confirm smart contract terms.
Eclipse Attack
A network attack where most peers connected to a specific node are malicious, isolating it from honest nodes and controlling the information it receives.
Economic Utility
The satisfaction or value derived from using a product or service. In crypto, token utility may come from governance rights, transaction discounts, or access to products.
Edge Nodes
Devices that sit between users and distributed networks to process data closer to the source. In decentralized systems, they help reduce latency and increase efficiency.
Effective Proof-of-Stake (EPoS)
Harmony’s version of the Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. It promotes decentralization by discouraging validator dominance and balancing staking rewards.
Efficiency Market Hypothesis (EMH)
A financial theory suggesting that asset prices reflect all available information, making it difficult to consistently outperform the market.
EigenLayer
A blockchain protocol introducing the concept of “restaking collectives,” allowing Ethereum validators to reuse staked ETH to secure additional networks and services.
EIP (Ethereum Improvement Proposal)
A formal document that outlines proposed changes or upgrades to the Ethereum network. EIPs help standardize development across clients and protocols.
EIP-1559
A 2021 Ethereum upgrade that introduced a base fee mechanism and token burn model, replacing the older gas auction system to stabilize transaction fees.
EIP-3074
An Ethereum proposal designed to improve transaction authorization by letting externally owned accounts delegate control temporarily to smart contracts.
EIP-4844 (Proto-Danksharding)
An upgrade proposal focused on reducing Ethereum’s transaction fees and boosting scalability by introducing “blob” data for rollup transactions.
EIP-7251
A proposal to raise the maximum effective staking balance in Ethereum, improving validator performance and network efficiency.
EIP-7702
A proposal to enhance Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs) by enabling them to access smart contract-like capabilities without migrating funds.
Elasticity
Measures how one variable responds to changes in another. In crypto markets, it often describes how price reacts to shifts in demand or supply.
Electrum Wallet
A lightweight Bitcoin wallet known for its speed and security. It supports hardware wallet integration and cold storage without downloading the full blockchain.
ELI5 (“Explain Like I’m 5”)
A shorthand request to simplify a complex concept using very basic, beginner-friendly language. Common in crypto education and 3Commas Help Center articles.
Elliott Waves
A technical analysis theory that interprets market price movements as repetitive psychological cycles, often used with Fibonacci tools and indicators.
EMA (Exponential Moving Average)
A trend-following indicator that gives greater weight to recent prices. Frequently used in DCA bot and SmartTrade strategies to detect momentum shifts.
Email Spoofing
A phishing technique where a fraudulent email appears to come from a trusted source. Used in scams to trick users into sharing sensitive data or signing malicious links.
Emission
The rate at which new tokens are created and distributed. Token emission schedules can be fixed, deflationary, or dynamic depending on protocol design.
Encryption
The process of converting readable data into coded form to protect against unauthorized access. It secures private keys, wallet data, and user communications.
Endogenous Variable
A variable in an economic model whose value is influenced by other variables within the same model. Used in financial modeling and token economics.
Enterprise Blockchain
A distributed ledger framework designed for corporate use cases, often permissioned and optimized for scalability, confidentiality, and compliance.
Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)
A global consortium of companies collaborating to develop standards and best practices for enterprise-grade Ethereum applications.
Epoch
A full cycle in data processing or blockchain operation. In staking networks, epochs define reward distribution or validator rotation periods.
Equity
Represents ownership value in an asset, company, or protocol. In crypto, equity-like tokens may include governance or revenue-sharing rights.
Erasure Coding
A data storage method that divides and encodes information into fragments, distributing them across multiple nodes to enhance reliability and fault tolerance.
ERC-20
Ethereum’s foundational token standard defining fungible token behavior, used for most DeFi and utility tokens.
ERC-223
An Ethereum token standard that prevents accidental token transfers to incompatible contracts by validating destination addresses.
ERC-721
The standard for non-fungible tokens (NFTs), ensuring each token is unique and verifiable, used for art, collectibles, and gaming assets.
ERC-777
An advanced token standard extending ERC-20 with operator and hook functionality for improved interoperability and automation.
ERC-827
A proposed Ethereum standard enabling more flexible function calls and permissions during token transfers or approvals.
ERC-884
A compliance-oriented token standard that represents tokenized shares of Delaware-based corporations.
ERC-948
A subscription-focused Ethereum token model enabling recurring payments directly through smart contracts.
ERC-7512
A proposed Ethereum standard to publish and verify smart contract audit reports directly on-chain, improving transparency.
ERC-7683
A universal cross-chain transaction standard allowing complex multi-step, multi-chain actions to be expressed as a single user request.
ERC-1155
A versatile Ethereum token standard supporting both fungible and non-fungible tokens in one contract. Commonly used in gaming and NFT ecosystems.
ERC-404
An experimental Ethereum token format that merges aspects of fungible and non-fungible tokens for hybrid ownership structures.
Escrow
A trusted holding mechanism, often a smart contract, that releases funds only once predefined conditions are met between trading parties.
Esports
Competitive video gaming where individuals or teams play for prizes or sponsorships. Some blockchain platforms integrate NFTs or tokens for player rewards and identity.
ETH/BTC
A trading pair expressing the value of Ethereum relative to Bitcoin. It’s used to assess Ethereum’s market strength independent of fiat prices.
Ethash
Ethereum’s former Proof-of-Work mining algorithm, designed to resist ASIC mining before the network moved to Proof-of-Stake.
Ether (ETH)
The native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network, used to pay transaction fees, run smart contracts, and stake for network security.
Ethereum Classic (ETC)
A separate blockchain that continued Ethereum’s original Proof-of-Work chain after the 2016 DAO hack. It preserves immutability as a core principle.
Ethereum Difficulty
A measure that determined how hard it was to mine a block during Ethereum’s PoW era. Now largely obsolete post-Merge.
Ethereum ETF
An exchange-traded fund tracking the price of Ether, allowing investors to gain exposure through traditional markets without holding crypto directly.
Ethereum Foundation
A non-profit organization that supports Ethereum’s ongoing development, research, and community education initiatives.
Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)
A document describing suggested changes or upgrades to the Ethereum protocol, including network rules, features, and technical standards.
Ethereum Request for Comment (ERC)
The formal process used by Ethereum developers to propose and standardize new token and contract functionalities.
Ethereum Transaction
A signed digital instruction on Ethereum that transfers tokens, invokes smart contracts, or performs staking operations.
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
The computation layer of Ethereum that executes smart contracts and ensures all nodes maintain a synchronized state across the blockchain.
Event Triggers
Signals emitted by smart contracts when a transaction occurs. Frontend applications and bots use them to update data or trigger next steps automatically.
Exchange
A marketplace for buying, selling, or swapping cryptocurrencies. Exchanges may be centralized (CEX) or decentralized (DEX); both can integrate with 3Commas via APIs.
Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
A regulated investment vehicle that tracks a basket of assets, such as stocks, bonds, or cryptocurrencies, and trades like a single stock.
Exogenous Variable
A variable that influences an economic model from the outside, unaffected by other variables within that model.
Exponential Moving Average (EMA)
A weighted moving average that gives more importance to recent price data. Used in technical analysis to identify short-term trends in trading bots.
Externally Owned Account (EOA)
A type of Ethereum account controlled by a private key (unlike smart contract accounts). EOAs initiate transactions and pay gas fees.
Exit Scam
When a crypto project or exchange disappears after collecting user funds, leaving investors without recourse, commonly referred to as a “rug pull.”